MedEd Connect: Neurology #1


Overview of our Nervous System 

Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. It explores how these components interact to control behavior, thoughts, and bodily functions.


Structure and Function

The nervous system is composed of neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. 

These structures work together to

process information and regulate behavior.

Neurodevelopment

From conception to adulthood, the nervous system develops under the influence

of the genetic environment.

factors. This development shapes our cognitive and physical abilities.

Neurodegenerative Diseases

Disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS affect the nervous system. 

Understanding their pathophysiology

and symptoms is crucial for developing effective treatments.


Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology examines how brain function impacts behavior, emotions, and cognition. It provides insights into conditions such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia.


Technological Advances

Cutting-edge technologies like fMRI, EEG, and optogenetics are 

revolutionizing neuroscience research, helping

scientists understand brain function and develop new treatments.

Future Directions

The future of neuroscience holds potential breakthroughs 

in understanding consciousness, brain-machine interfaces,

and treating neurological disorders.



Featured Writer: Soleil Murillo, America 

In January of 2021, I was diagnosed with depression and anxiety. It freaked my mom out, and all of a sudden, she started paying attention to me and making sure I was comfortable. Even when I could only get out of bed to pee, and even that was one of the more challenging tasks of each day. It’s easy to identify the cause of my illness because of the global pandemic that shut everything down, and I’m sure if more people had the opportunity to consult a therapist, their diagnosis wouldn’t differ much from mine. But looking back on my mental and physical state fosters so many questions about the psychology of the human brain. Why does our social situation affect our minds so drastically?

The structure of our brains incorporates areas that have specific functions related to sociology and interactions with others. One of the key areas is the prefrontal cortex, which is involved in complex behaviors, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. When we are isolated or deprived of social interaction, this part of the brain can undergo changes that affect our mood and cognitive function.

Research has shown that social isolation can lead to increased levels of cortisol, the stress hormone, which negatively impacts the brain over time. A study by the National Institute on Aging found that prolonged social isolation can lead to a 30% increase in the risk of developing depression and anxiety disorders. This is because our brains are wired to seek social connections; they play a crucial role in our mental health and well-being.

Moreover, social interactions stimulate the release of oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone" or "social bonding hormone." Oxytocin helps reduce stress and fosters a sense of trust and bonding with others. When we lack social interaction, the absence of oxytocin can contribute to feelings of loneliness and depression. 

The COVID-19 pandemic, which forced people into prolonged isolation, has provided real-world evidence of the significant impact of social deprivation. Many individuals experienced increased levels of anxiety and depression due to the sudden lack of social engagement and support. Studies conducted during the pandemic highlighted that individuals who maintained virtual social connections experienced lower levels of stress and anxiety compared to those who were more isolated.

Additionally, our social environment during formative years can shape the development and functioning of the brain. For example, children who experience neglect or lack of social interaction may have differences in brain structure and function compared to those raised in nurturing environments. The brain's plasticity means that it is constantly being shaped and reshaped by our experiences, and social interactions are a significant part of this process.

In conclusion, our social situation affects our brains profoundly. The pandemic has made it clear how critical social interactions are for our mental health. Understanding the neuroscience behind this can help us find better ways to cope with social isolation and prioritize mental health in times of crisis. The support of family, friends, and community, even if virtual, plays a crucial role in maintaining our mental health and well-being.



Image Publishers: 

→ Cleveland Clinic 2023 

→ The University of Queensland, Australia

→ Research Gate

→ Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences Medical Sciences Division


Youtube Link: MedEd's Q&A with pre-med Johns Hopkins University student Grace Lin  

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Andreah Falame - Neurology

Image
  Understanding Neurological Disorders: The Brain, Nervous System, and Common Disorders Andreah Falame Neurology is the branch of study in the medical field that focuses primarily on the brain, spinal cord, and the nervous system. The nervous system is a significant system that controls everything we do. From thinking and feeling to moving and sensing the world around us. The study of neurology is an emerging field that continues to advance in more personalized treatments for patients that are battling neurological disorders.   The field of neurology circles on 3 main parts of the nervous system. Starting off with the brain, the brain is known to be a complex organ that serves to process various information. With its ability to send signals throughout different areas of the body, it leads to the works of the spinal cord. The spinal cord carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body. With the help of the nerves, the nerves transmit signals to and from the bra...
Read more

Neurology - Shanta’e Taylor

Image
  Highlighting the Global Healthcare Issues In Neurology. Neurology is the branch of medicine associated with the diagnosis and treatment of the nervous system, encompassing the brain and spinal cord. Furthermore, neurology is a paramount medical concern as it integrates physical and mental health, grasping how we behave, theorize, and recognize neurological health disorders that control our daily lives. Most importantly, everything starts with the brain — it makes us capable of functioning, executing daily habits and conversing with the people we love. Our brain should be calm, safe, and healthy. However, due to circumstances in the healthcare system, this is a privilege, rather than a basic need. In fact, this shapes the reality of many deployed soldiers, and Palestinian citizens suffering from chronic Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease. MS occurs in the central nervous system, where the body accidentally attacks itself.  Moreover, due to the low-income healthcare system lackin...
Read more

Iasmina Ciocan - Neurosurgery

Image
Neurosurgery Iasmina Ciocan  Neurosurgery is, as we all know, one of the most demanding medical fields, due to needing utmost precision. Here, even the tiniest mistakes bring horrible consequences. Therefore, neurosurgery requires cutting-edge technology, dedicated professionals, and tremendous financial resources. Sadly, in low- and middle-income areas, the proficiency of neurosurgical care is being brought down by numerous challenges. People could always be affected by neurosurgical conditions, no matter which country they live in, hence it is essential to address the obstacles faced in this medical field, on a global level. One of these crucial problems is the absence of trained personnel and adequate surgical equipment. Specialized neurosurgical care is mandatory for conditions like hydrocephalus, brain tumors, congenital anomalies, and spinal cord injuries. However, the growing scarcity of skilled neurosurgeons and neurosurgical facilities in some countries, means that a notab...
Read more